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- -- name: Gross Anatomy Data
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- Gross Anatomy of the Eye
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- The eye is commonly referred to as "Oculus Bulbi".
- See diagram 1.
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- Dimensions:
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- A. Shape: The eye is made of two partial spheres.
- 1. Anterior radius = 8 millimeters, 1.6 of total area, (cornea).
- 2. Posterior radius = 12 mm., 5/6 of the total area, (sclera).
- B. Size: Varies with age, sex, race, physiology.
- 1. Average adult eye:
- a. Diameter is 24 mm.
- b. Superior to inferior is 23 mm.
- c. Nasal to temporal is 23.5 mm.
- d. Anterior to posterior is 24 mm. (Axial length)(the distance from apex of cornea to the fovea)
- 1. Emmetrope has an axial length of 24 mm.
- 2. Myope (near-sighted) has an axial length > 24 mm.
- 3. Hyperope (far-sighted) has an axial length < 24 mm.
- 4. Presbyope is a reduced accommodative ability normally occurring with age.
- 2. Development:
- a. Axial length at birth measures 16-17 mm.
- b. Axial length at 3 years measures 22.5-23 mm.
- c. By age 13 the axial length is adult size. (24 mm.)
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- STRUCTURE of the EYE: (See diagram 2)
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- A. Fibrous tunic: The outermost layer, which maintains the size and shape of the eye.
- 1. Collagenous: Outermost layer
- 2. Posterior: Sclera which is white and opaque.
- 3. Anterior: Cornea which is clear.
- 4. Limbus: The junction of the cornea and sclera.
- 5. External scleral sulcus: The depression at the limbus.
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- B. Uveal Tract: The middle layer, which provides nutrition to the eye.
- 1. Anterior uvea:
- a. Iris: Main function is light diaphragm.
- b. Ciliary body: Main functions are making aqueous and vitreous, and accommodation.
- 2. Posterior uvea:
- a. Choroid: Main function is suppling nutrition to the retina.
- 3. The anterior and posterior uvea meet at the ora serrata.
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- C. Retina:
- 1. The retina is an extension of the central nervous system.
- 2. It extends from the optic nerve to the ora serrata.
- 3. The retina translates light energy to neural action potential.
- 4. The optic nerve transfers information to the brain.
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- D. Chambers of the eye:
- 1. Anterior chamber: (area between iris and the vitreous)
- a. Bounded by the cornea, ciliary body, sclera, iris, and pupil.
- b. The maximum depth is 2.5 mm.
- c. It contains .25 milliliters of aqueous.
- 2. Posterior Chamber:
- a. Bounded by iris, ciliary body, vitreous, lens, and the pupil.
- b. It contains .06 milliliters of aqueous.
- 3. Vitreous: (area behind the lens)
- a. Bounded by the ciliary body, retina, lens and posterior chamber.
- b. It consists of a transparent gelatinous material, which contributes to the shape of the eye.
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